Center for Quantum Devices - Most Downloaded Journal Articles

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17.	Novel Green Light Emitting Diodes: Exploring Droop-Free Lighting Solutions for a Sustainable Earth M. Razeghi, C. Bayram, R. McClintock, F. Hosseini Teherani, D.J. Rogers, and V.E. Sandana Journal of Light Emitting Diodes, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 1-33-- April 30, 2010 ...[Visit Journal] The total annual energy consumption in the United States for lighting is approximately 800 Terawatt-hours and costs $80 billion to the public. The energy consumed for lighting throughout the world entails to greenhouse gas emission equivalent to 70% of the emissions from all the cars in the world. Novel solutions to lighting with higher efficiency will drastically reduce the energy consumption and help greenhouse gas emissions to be lowered. Novel green light emitting diodes are the key components of an affordable, durable and environmentally benign lighting solution that can achieve unique spectral quality and promise superior energy conversion efficiency. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), based on the InGaN alloy, are currently the most promising candidates for realizing solid state lighting (SSL). InGaN is a direct wide bandgap semiconductor with an emission that can span the entire visible spectrum via compositional tuning. However, InGaN LED performance remains wavelength-dependent. Indeed, ultrabright and efficient blue InGaN-based LEDs are readily available but the performance of InGaN-based green LEDs is still far from adequate for use in SSL. Our recent work demonstrated hybrid green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) comprised of n-ZnO/(InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum-wells/p-GaN were grown on semi-insulating AlN/sapphire using pulsed laser deposition for the n-ZnO and metal organic chemical vapor deposition for the other layers.. We have shown that atop grown ZnO layer by Pulsed Laser Deposition can be a good replacement for GaN. The green wavelength emission requires significant indium content in the active layer (growth temperature ~ 700ºC) that makes InGaN quantum wells very susceptible to thermal degradation. With our technology, diffusion and segregation of indium in the green emitting active is inhibited thanks to the lower ZnO deposition temperatures (<600ºC) than is required for GaN (>1000ºC). Our novel technology preserves the integrity of the as-grown active layer and demonstrates superior green spectral quality (as demonstrated for LEDs on c-sapphire). The results indicate that hybrid LED structures could hold prospects for the development of green LEDs with superior performance. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Demonstration of long wavelength infrared Type-II InAs/InAs_1-xSb_x superlattices photodiodes on GaSb substrate grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition D. H. Wu, A. Dehzangi, Y. Y. Zhang, M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters 112, 241103-- June 12, 2018 ...[Visit Journal] We report the growth and characterization of long wavelength infrared type-II InAs/InAs_1−xSb_x superlattices photodiodes with a 50% cut-off wavelength at 8.0 μm on GaSb substrate grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. At 77 K, the photodiodes exhibited a differential resistance at zero bias (R₀A) 8.0 Ω·cm², peak responsivity of 1.26 A/W corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 21%. A specific detectivity of 5.4×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2/W was achieved at 7.5 μm. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Stability of far fields in double heterostructure and multiple quantum well InAsSb/InPAsSb/InAs midinfrared lasers H. Yi, A. Rybaltowski, J. Diaz, D. Wu, B. Lane, Y. Xiao, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters 70 (24)-- June 16, 1997 ...[Visit Journal] Far fields in perpendicular direction to the junction are investigated in double heterostructure (DH) and multiple quantum well (MQW) midwave-infrared InAsSb/InPAsSb/InAs lasers (λ = 3.2–3.6 μm). Strong broadening of the far fields in the DH lasers was observed with increases in temperature and/or current. On the contrary, MQW lasers with otherwise identical structure exhibit very stable far fields as narrow as 23° for all the operating conditions investigated. Our experiment and theoretical modeling suggest that these different behaviors of far fields in DH and MQW lasers are attributed to the refractive index fluctuation in the InAsSb laser active region. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Bias-selectable dual-band mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on InAs/InAs_1−xSb_x type-II superlattices A. Haddadi, R. Chevallier, G. Chen, A. M. Hoang, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters 106 , 011104-- January 8, 2015 ...[Visit Journal] A high performance bias-selectable mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetector based on InAs/InAs_1−xSb_x type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. The mid- and long-wavelength channels' 50% cut-off wavelengths were ∼5.1 and ∼9.5 μm at 77 K. The mid-wavelength channel exhibited a quantum efficiency of 45% at 100 mV bias voltage under front-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. With a dark current density of 1 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² under 100 mV applied bias, the mid-wavelength channel exhibited a specific detectivity of 8.2 × 10¹² cm·Hz^½·W^-1 at 77 K. The long-wavelength channel exhibited a quantum efficiency of 40%, a dark current density of 5.7 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm² under −150 mV applied bias at 77 K, providing a specific detectivity value of 1.64 × 10¹¹ cm·Hz^½·W^-1. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Two-dimensional magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions and superlattices J.C. Portal, G. Gregoris a b , M.A. Brummell , R.J. Nicholas, M. Razeghi, M.A. Di Forte-Poisson, K.Y. Cheng, A.Y. Cho J.C. Portal, G. Gregoris, M.A. Brummell, R.J. Nicholas, M. Razeghi, M.A. Di Forte-Poisson, K.Y. Cheng, A.Y. Cho, Two-dimensional magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions and superlattices, Surface Science, Volume 142, Issues 1–3, 1984, Pages 368-374,-- July 1, 1984 ...[Visit Journal] We report the observation of magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP heterojunctions and measurements of the temperature dependence of the oscillations. A single series of oscillations due to scattering by the “GaAs-like” mode of GaInAs is seen, in contrast to GaInAs-InP superlattices, where scattering from InP phonons is also observed, and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions, where coupling to “InAs-like” modes only is seen. This behaviour is discussed in terms of long-range phonon interactions and interface phonons. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Characteristics of high quality p-type Al_xGa_1-xN/GaN superlattices A. Yasan, R. McClintock, S.R. Darvish, Z. Lin, K. Mi, P. Kung, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters 80 (12)-- March 18, 2002 ...[Visit Journal] Very-high-quality p-type Al_xGa_1–xN/GaN superlattices have been grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy through optimization of Mg flow and the period of the superlattice. For the superlattice with x = 26%, the hole concentration reaches a high value of 4.2×10¹⁸ cm^–3 with a resistivity as low as 0.19 Ω · cm by Hall measurement. Measurements confirm that superlattices with a larger period and higher Al composition have higher hole concentration and lower resistivity, as predicted by theory. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Type-II Antimonide-based Superlattices for the Third Generation Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Manijeh Razeghi, Edward Kwei-wei Huang, Binh-Minh Nguyen, Siamak Abdollahi Pour, and Pierre-Yves Delaunay SPIE Proceedings, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI, Vol. 7660, pp. 76601F-- May 10, 2010 ...[Visit Journal] In recent years, the Type-II superlattice (T2SL) material platform has seen incredible growth in the understanding of its material properties which has lead to unprecedented development in the arena of device design. Its versatility in band-structure engineering is perhaps one of the greatest hallmarks of the T2SL that other material platforms are lacking. In this paper, we discuss advantages of the T2SL, specifically the M-structure T2SL, which incorporates AlSb in the traditional InAs/GaSb superlattice. Using the M-structure, we present a new unipolar minority electron detector coined as the p-M-p, the letters which describe the composition of the device. Demonstration of this device structure with a 14 μm cutoff attained a detectivity of 4x10¹⁰ Jones (-50 mV) at 77 K. As device performance improves year after year with novel design contributions from the many researchers in this field, the natural progression in further enabling the ubiquitous use of this technology is to reduce cost and support the fabrication of large infrared imagers. In this paper, we also discuss the use of GaAs substrates as an enabling technology for third generation imaging on T2SLs. Despite the 7.8% lattice mismatch between the native GaSb and alternative GaAs substrates, T2SL photodiodes grown on GaAs at the MWIR and LWIR have been demonstrated at an operating temperature of 77 K [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Defects in Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy-Grown GaInP Layers Feng S.L., Bourgoin J.C., Omnes F., and Razeghi M. Applied Physics Letters 59 (8), p. 941-- May 28, 1991 ...[Visit Journal] Non-intentionally doped metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy Ga_1−x InxP layers, having an alloy composition (x = 0.49) corresponding to a lattice matched to GaAs, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, have been studied by capacitance‐voltage and deep-level transient spectroscopy techniques. They are found to exhibit a free‐carrier concentration at room temperature of the order of 10¹⁵ cm⁻³. Two electron traps have been detected. The first one, at 75 meV below the conduction band, is in small concentration (∼10¹³ cm⁻³) while the other, at about 0.9 eV and emitting electrons above room temperature, has a concentration in the range 10¹⁴–10¹⁵ cm⁻³. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Demonstration of a 256x256 Middle-Wavelength Infrared Focal Plane Array based on InGaAs/InGaP Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors (QDIPs) J. Jiang, K. Mi, S. Tsao, W. Zhang, H. Lim, T.O'Sullivan, T. Sills, M. Razeghi, G.J. Brown, and M.Z. Tidrow Applied Physics Letters, 84 (13)-- April 29, 2004 ...[Visit Journal] We report a demonstration of an infrared focal plane array based on InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot infrared photodetectors. The middle-wavelength infrared quantum-dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) structure was grown via low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. A detectivity of 3.6×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^½/W was achieved at T = 95 K and a bias of –1.4 V. The background limited temperature of our QDIP was 140 K with a 45° field of view. A 256×256 detector array was fabricated with dry etching, and hybridized to a Litton readout chip by indium bumps. Thermal imaging was achieved at temperatures up to 120 K. At T = 77 K, the noise equivalent temperature difference was measured as 0.509 K with a 300 K background and f/2.3 optics. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Gain and recombination dynamics of quantum-dot infrared photodetecto H. Lim, B. Movaghar, S. Tsao, M. Taguchi, W. Zhang, A.A. Quivy, and M. Razeghi Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology-- December 4, 2006 ...[Visit Journal][reprint (PDF)]
17.	Imprinting of Nanoporosity in Lithium-Doped Nickel Oxide through the use of Sacrificial Zinc Oxide Nanotemplates Vinod E. Sandana, David J. Rogers, Ferechteh H. Teheran1, Philippe Bove, Ryan McClintock and Manijeh Razeghi Proc. SPIE 10105, Oxide-based Materials and Devices VIII, 101052C-- April 3, 2017 ...[Visit Journal] Methods for simultaneously increasing the conductivity and the porosity of NiO layers grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were investigated in order to develop improved photocathodes for p-DSSC applications. NiO:Li (20at%) layers grown on c-Al₂O₃ by PLD showed a sharp drop in conductivity with increasing substrate temperature. Layers grown at room temperature were more than two orders of magnitude more conductive than undoped NiO layers but did not show evidence of any porosity in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. A new method for imposing a nanoporosity in NiO was developed based on a sacrificial template of nanostructured ZnO. SEM images and EDX spectroscopy showed that a nanoporous morphology had been imprinted in the NiO overlayer after preferential chemical etching away of the nanostructured ZnO underlayer. Beyond p-DSSC applications, this new process could represent a new paradigm for imprinting porosity in a whole range of materials. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Highly selective two-color mid-wave and long-wave infrared detector hybrid based on Type-II superlattices E.K. Huang, M.A. Hoang, G. Chen, S.R. Darvish, A. Haddadi, and M. Razeghi Optics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 22, p. 4744-4746-- November 15, 2012 ...[Visit Journal] We report a two-color mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) co-located detector with 3 μm active region thickness per channel that is highly selective and can perform under high operating temperatures for the MWIR band. Under back-side illumination, a temperature evolution study of the MWIR detector’s electro-optical performance found the 300 K background-limit with 2π field-of-view to be achieved below operating temperatures of 160 K, at which the temperature’s 50% cutoff wavelength was 5.2 μm. The measured current reached the system limit of 0.1 pA at 110 K for 30 μm pixel-sized diodes. At 77 K, where the LWIR channel operated with a 50% cutoff wavelength at 11.2 μm, an LWIR selectivity of ∼17% was achieved in the MWIR wave band between 3 and 4.7 μm, making the detector highly selective. [reprint (PDF)]
17.	Recent performance records for mid-IR quantum cascade lasers M. Razeghi; Y. Bai; S. Slivken; S. Kuboya; S.R. Darvish Terahertz and Mid Infrared Radiation: Basic Research and Practical Applications, 2009. TERA-MIR International Workshop [5379656], (2009) -- November 9, 2009 ...[Visit Journal] The wall plug efficiency of the mid-infrared quantum cascade laser in room temperature continuous wave operation is brought to 17%. Peak output power from a broad area (400 μm x 3 mm) device gives 120 W output power in pulsed mode operation at room temperature. Using a single-well-injector design, specifically made for low temperature operation, a record wall plug efficiency of 53% is demonstrated at 40 K. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	First Demonstration of ~ 10 microns FPAs in InAs/GaSb SLS M. Razeghi, P.Y. Delaunay, B.M. Nguyen, A. Hood, D. Hoffman, R. McClintock, Y. Wei, E. Michel, V. Nathan and M. Tidrow IEEE LEOS Newsletter 20 (5)-- October 1, 2006 ...[Visit Journal] The concept of Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice was first brought by Nobel Laureate L. Esaki, et al. in the 1970s. There had been few studies on this material system until two decades later when reasonable quality material growth was made possible using molecular beam epitaxy. With the addition of cracker cells for the group V sources and optimizations of material growth conditions, the superlattice quality become significantly improved and the detectors made of these superlattice materials can meet the demand in some practical field applications. Especially in the LWIR regime, it provides a very promising alternative to HgCdTe for better material stability and uniformity, etc. We have developed the empirical tight binding model (ETBM) for precise determination of the superlattice bandgap. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Type-II superlattice-based extended short-wavelength infrared focal plane array with an AlAsSb/GaSb superlattice etch-stop layer to allow near-visible light detection Romain Chevallier, Arash Dehzangi, Abbas Haddadi, and Manijeh Razeghi Optics Letters Vol. 42, Iss. 21, pp. 4299-4302-- October 17, 2017 ...[Visit Journal] A versatile infrared imager capable of imaging the near-visible to the extended short-wavelength infrared (e-SWIR) is demonstrated using e-SWIR InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattice-based photodiodes. A bi-layer etch-stop scheme consisting of bulk InAs_0.91Sb_0.09 and AlAs_0.1Sb_0.9/GaSb superlattice layers is introduced for substrate removal from the hybridized back-side illuminated photodetectors. The implementation of this new technique on an e-SWIR focal plane array results in a significant enhancement in the external quantum efficiency (QE) in the 1.8–0.8μm spectral region, while maintaining a high QE at wavelengths longer than 1.8μm. Test pixels exhibit 100% cutoff wavelengths of ∼2.1 and ∼2.25μm at 150 and 300K, respectively. They achieve saturated QE values of 56% and 68% at 150 and 300K, respectively, under back-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. At 150K, the photodetectors (27μm×27μm area) exhibit a dark current density of 4.7×10⁻⁷ A/cm² under a −50 mV applied bias providing a specific detectivity of 1.77×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2/W. At 300K, the dark current density reaches 6.6×10⁻² A/cm² under −50 mV bias, providing a specific detectivity of 5.17×10⁹ cm·Hz^1/2/W. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Room temperature quantum cascade lasers with 27% wall plug efficiency Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Tsao, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, No. 18, p. 181102-1-- May 3, 2011 ...[Visit Journal] Using the recently proposed shallow-well design, we demonstrate InP based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting around 4.9 μm with 27% and 21% wall plug efficiencies in room temperature (298 K) pulsed and continuous wave (CW) operations, respectively. The laser core consists of 40 QCL-stages. The highest cw efficiency is obtained from a buried-ridge device with a ridge width of 8 μm and a cavity length of 5 mm. The front and back facets are antireflection and high-reflection coated, respectively. The maximum single facet cw power at room temperature amounts to 5.1 W. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Optical Investigations of GaAs-GaInP Quantum Wells and Superlattices Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Omnes F., and Razeghi M. Applied Physics Letters 59 (9), p. 1034-- May 28, 1991 ...[Visit Journal] Recent experimental results on the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation of GaAs‐Ga_0.51In_0.49P lattice‐matched quantum wells and superlattices are discussed. The full width at half maximum of a 10‐period GaAs‐GaInP superlattice with Lz=90 Å and LB=100 Å is 4 meV at 4 K. The photoluminescence excitation exhibits very sharp peaks attributed to the electron to light‐hole and electron to heavy‐hole transitions. The GaInP‐GaAs interface suffers from memory effect of In, rather than P or As elements. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Temperature dependence of threshold current density J_th and differential efficiency of High Power InGaAsP/GaAs ( λ = 0.8 μm) lasers H. Yi, J. Diaz, I. Eliashevich, M. Stanton, M. Erdtmann, X. He, L. Wang, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters 66 (3)-- January 16, 1995 ...[Visit Journal] An experimental and theoretical study on temperature dependence of the threshold current density J_th and differential efficiency ηd for the InGaAsP/GaAs laser diodes emitting at λ=0.8 μm was performed. Threshold current density J_th increases and differential efficiency η_d decreases as temperature is increased mainly because of thermal broadening of the gain spectrum. However, the measured temperature dependence of J_th and η_d could not be explained when only this effect was considered. In this letter, the temperature dependence of momentum relaxation rate ℏ/τ of carriers was investigated by performing the photoluminescence study. At high temperature, increase of the momentum relaxation rate ℏ/τ leads to reduction of the gain and mobility and increase of the optical loss, causing higher J_th and lower η_d as experimentally observed. The resulting theoretical model provides a good explanation for the mechanism of the increase of J_th and decrease of η_d. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Continuous-wave operation of λ ~ 4.8 µm quantum-cascade lasers at room temperature A. Evans, J.S. Yu, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters, 85 (12)-- September 20, 2004 ...[Visit Journal] Continuous-wave (cw) operation of quantum-cascade lasers emitting at λ~4.8 µm is reported up to a temperature of 323 K. Accurate control of layer thickness and strain-balanced material composition is demonstrated using x-ray diffraction. cw output power is reported to be in excess of 370 mW per facet at 293 K, and 38 mW per facet at 323 K. Room-temperature average power measurements are demonstrated with over 600 mW per facet at 50% duty cycle with over 300 mW still observed at 100% (cw) duty cycle. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Room temperature neagtive differential resistance characteristics of polar III-nitride resonant tunneling diodes C. Bayram, Z. Vashaei, and M. Razeghi Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 9, p. 092104-1-- August 30, 2010 ...[Visit Journal] III-nitride resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), consisting Al_0.2Ga_0.8N/GaN double-barrier (DB) active layers, were grown on c-plane lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) GaN/sapphire and c-plane freestanding (FS) GaN. RTDs on both templates, fabricated into mesa diameters ranging from 5 to 35 μm, showed negative differential resistance (NDR) at room temperature. NDR characteristics (voltage and current density at NDR onset and current-peak-to-valley ratio) were analyzed and reported as a function of device size and substrate choice. Our results show that LEO RTDs perform as well as FS ones and DB active layer design and quality have been the bottlenecks in III-nitride RTDs. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Monolithic terahertz source Q. Y. Lu, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, Y. Bai and M. Razeghi Nature Photonics \| Research Highlights -- July 31, 2014 ...[Visit Journal] To date, the production of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation from mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers operating at room temperature has proved elusive. A critical problem is that, to achieve a large nonlinear susceptibility for frequency conversion, the active region of the quantum cascade laser requires high doping, which elevates the lasing threshold current density. Now, Quan-Yong Lu and colleagues from Northwestern University in the USA have overcome this problem and demonstrated a room-temperature continuous-wave THz source based on difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers. They designed quantum-well structures based on In_0.53Ga_0.47As/In_0.52Al_0.48As material system for two mid-infrared wavelengths. The average doping in the active region was about 2.5 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³. A buried ridge, buried composite distributed-feedback waveguide with the Čerenkov phase-matching scheme was used to reduce the waveguide loss and enhance heat dissipation. As a result, single-mode emission at 3.6 THz was observed at 293 K. The continuous-wave THz power reached 3 μW with a conversion efficiency of 0.44 mW W⁻² from mid-infrared to THz waves. Using a similar device design, a THz peak power of 1.4 mW was achieved in pulse mode. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	Top-emission ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with peak emission at 280 nm A. Yasan, R. McClintock, K. Mayes, S.R. Darvish, P. Kung, and M. Razeghi Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, 5-- August 5, 2002 ...[Visit Journal][reprint (PDF)]
16.	Determination of of Band Gap Energy of Al_1-xIn_xN Grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition in the High Al Composition Regime K.S. Kim, A. Saxler, P. Kung, M. Razeghi, and K.Y. Lim Applied Physics Letters 71 (6)-- August 11, 1997 ...[Visit Journal] Ternary AlInN was grown by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition in the high Al composition regime. The band-gap energy of AlInN ternary was measured by optical absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. The band-gap energy of Al_0.92In_0.08N is 5.26 eV. The potential application of AlInN as a barrier material for GaN is also discussed. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	High Thermal Stability of κ-Ga2O3 Grown by MOCVD Junhee Lee, Honghyuk Kim, Lakshay Gautam and Manijeh Razeghi Lee, J.; Kim, H.; Gautam, L.; Razeghi, M. High Thermal Stability of κ-Ga2O3 Grown by MOCVD. Crystals 2021, 11, 446. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/cryst11040446 ...[Visit Journal] We report a high thermal stability of kappa gallium oxide grown on c-plane sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Kappa gallium oxide is widely known as a metastable polymorph transitioning its phase when subjected to a high temperature. Here, we show the kappa gallium oxide whose phase is stable in a high temperature annealing process at 1000 °C. These oxide films were grown at 690 °C under nitrogen carrier gas. The materials showed high electrical resistivity when doped with silicon, whereas the film conductivity was significantly improved when doped with both indium and silicon. This work provides a pathway to overcoming limitations for the advance in utilizing kappa gallium oxide possessing superior electrical characteristics. [reprint (PDF)]
16.	High-performance bias-selectable dual-band mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetectors and focal plane arrays based on InAs/GaSb Type-II superlattices M. Razeghi; A. Haddadi; A.M. Hoang; G. Chen; S. Ramezani-Darvish; P. Bijjam Proc. SPIE 8704, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIX, 87040S (June 11, 2013)-- June 11, 2013 ...[Visit Journal] We report a bias selectable dual-band mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) co-located detector with 3 μm active region thickness per channel that is highly selective and can perform under high operating temperatures for the MWIR band. Under back-side illumination, a temperature evolution study of the MWIR detector's electro-optical performance found the 300 K background-limit with 2π field-of-view to be achieved below operating temperatures of 160 K, at which the temperature's 50% cutoff wavelength was 5.2 μm. The measured current reached the system limit of 0.1 pA at 110 K for 30 μm pixel-sized diodes. At 77 K, where the LWIR channel operated with a 50% cutoff wavelength at 11.2 μm, an LWIR selectivity of ∼17% was achieved in the MWIR wave band between 3 and 4.7 μm, making the detector highly selective. [reprint (PDF)]

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