Page 11 of 31:  Prev << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  >> Next  (769 Items)

17.  GaN, GaAlN, and AlN for use in UV Detectors for Astrophysics: An Update
P. Kung, A. Saxler, X. Zhang, D. Walker, M. Razeghi, and M. Ulmer
SPIE Photonics West '96 Photodetectors: Materials and Devices; Proceedings 2685-- January 27, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
In SPIE Proceeding 2397 we demonstrated that there is a large payoff still to be gained by further improvements in the performance of solar blind UV detectors for astronomical purposes. We suggested that a particularly promising future technology is one based on the ability of investigators to produce high-quality films made of wide bandgap III-IV semiconductors. Here we report on significant progress we have made over the past year to fabricate and test single-pixel devices. The next step will be to measure and improve detective efficiency, measure the solar blindness over a larger dynamic range, and begin developing multiple-pixel designs. [reprint (PDF)]
 
17.  Ammonium Sulfide Passivation of Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photodiodes
A. Gin, Y. Wei, A. Hood, A. Bajowala, V. Yazdanpanah, M. Razeghi and M.Z. Tidrow
Applied Physics Letters, 84 (12)-- March 22, 2004 ...[Visit Journal]
We report on the surface passivation of Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors using various ammonium sulfide solutions. Compared to unpassivated detectors, zero-bias resistance of treated 400 µm×400 µm devices with 8 µm cutoff wavelength was improved by over an order of magnitude to ~20 kΩ at 80 K. Reverse-bias dark current density was reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude to less than 10 mA/cm2 at –2 V. Dark current modeling, which takes into account trap-assisted tunneling, indicates greater than 70 times reduction in bulk trap density for passivated detectors. [reprint (PDF)]
 
17.  High Quantum Efficiency AlGaN Solar-Blind Photodetectors
R. McClintock, A. Yasan, K. Mayes, D. Shiell, S.R. Darvish, P. Kung and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, 84 (8)-- February 23, 2004 ...[Visit Journal]
We report AlGaN-based back-illuminated solar-blind ultraviolet p-i-n photodetectors with a peak responsivity of 136 mA/W at 282 nm without bias. This corresponds to a high external quantum efficiency of 60%, which improves to a value as high as 72% under 5 V reverse bias. We attribute the high performance of these devices to the use of a very-high quality AlN and Al0.87Ga0.13N/AlN superlattice material and a highly conductive Si–In co-doped Al0.5Ga0.5N layer [reprint (PDF)]
 
17.  GaN p-i-n photodiodes with high visible-to-ultraviolet rejection ratio
P. Kung, X. Zhang, D. Walker, A. Saxler, and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, San Jose, CA, -- January 28, 1998 ...[Visit Journal]
UV photodetectors are critical components in many applications, including UV astronomy, flame sensors, early missile threat warning and space-to-space communications. Because of the presence of strong IR radiation in these situations, the photodetectors have to be solar blind, i.e. able to detect UV radiation while not being sensitive to IR. AlxGa1-xN is a promising material system for such devices. AlxGa1-xN materials are wide bandgap semiconductors, with a direct bandgap whose corresponding wavelength can be continuously tuned from 200 to 365 nm. AlxGa1-xN materials are thus insensitive to visible and IR radiation whose wavelengths are higher than 365 nm. We have already reported the fabrication and characterization of AlxGa1-xN-based photoconductors with a cut-off wavelength tunable from 200 to 365 nm by adjusting the ternary alloy composition. Here, we present the growth and characterization of GaN p-i- n photodiodes which exhibit a visible-to-UV rejection ratio of 6 orders or magnitude. The thin films were grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Square mesa structures were fabricated using dry etching, followed by contact metallization. The spectral response, rejection ratio and transient response of these photodiodes is reported. [reprint (PDF)]
 
17.  AlGaN/AlN MOVPE heteroepitaxy: pulsed co-doping SiH4 and TMIn
Ilkay Demir, Yusuf Koçak, A. Emre Kasapoğlu, Manijeh Razeghi, Emre Gür and Sezai Elagoz
Semicond. Sci. Technol. 34 075028-- June 24, 2019 ...[Visit Journal]
We report a new growth approach pulsed co-doping growth of AlxGa1−xN (x > 0.5) epilayers on AlN/Al2O3 templates by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Using this approach SiH4 (silane) and TMIn (trimethylindium) supplied to the growth chamber alternately and pulsed during the growth of AlGaN epilayers. Structural and morphological quality of AlGaN epilayers were investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. It has shown that higher crystalline quality with low full width at half maximum (FWHM) and smoother surface morphology with reduced hexagonal hillock density has been obtained by the pulsed co-doping growth approach. Volcano like hillock structures has been confirmed by Raman mapping. [reprint (PDF)]
 
17.  High-speed short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistors based on type II superlattices
Jiakai Li; Arash Dehzangi; Donghai Wu; Manijeh Razeghi
Proc. SPIE 11288, Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVII, 1128813-- January 31, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
A two terminal short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistors based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb on GaSb substrate are designed fabricated and presented. With the base thickness of 40 nm, the device exhibited 100% cut-off wavelengths of ~2.3 μm at 300K. The saturated peak responsivity value is of 325.5 A/W at 300K, under front-side illumination without any anti-reflection coating. A saturated optical gain at 300K was 215 a saturated dark current shot noise limited specific detectivity of 4.9×1011 cm·Hz½/W at 300 K was measured. Similar heterojunction phototransistor structure was grown and fabricated with different method of processing for high speed testing. For 80 μm diameter circular diode size under 20 V applied reverse bias, a −3 dB cut-off frequency of 1.0 GHz was achieved, which showed the potential of type-II superlattice based heterojunction phototransistors to be used for high speed detection. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Highly Conductive Co-Doped Ga2O3Si-In Grown by MOCVD
Junhee Lee, Honghyuk Kim, Lakshay Gautam and Manijeh Razeghi
Coatings 2021, 11(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030287 ...[Visit Journal]
We report a highly conductive gallium oxide doped with both silicon and indium grown on c-plane sapphire substrate by MOCVD. From a superlattice structure of indium oxide and gallium oxide doped with silicon, we obtained a highly conductive material with an electron hall mobility up to 150 cm2/V·s with the carrier concentration near 2 × 1017 cm−3. However, if not doped with silicon, both Ga2O3:In and Ga2O3 are highly resistive. Optical and structural characterization techniques such as X-ray, transmission electron microscope, and photoluminescence, reveal no significant incorporation of indium into the superlattice materials, which suggests the indium plays a role of a surfactant passivating electron trapping defect levels. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High brightness angled cavity quantum cascade lasers
D. Heydari, Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 106, 091105-- March 6, 2015 ...[Visit Journal]
A quantum cascade laser (QCL) with an output power of 203 W is demonstrated in pulsed mode at 283 K with an angled cavity. The device has a ridge width of 300 μm, a cavity length of 5.8 mm, and a tilt angle of 12°. The back facet is high reflection coated, and the front facet is anti-reflection coated. The emitting wavelength is around 4.8 μm. In distinct contrast to a straight cavity broad area QCL, the lateral far field is single lobed with a divergence angle of only 3°. An ultrahigh brightness value of 156 MW cm²·sr-1 is obtained, which marks the brightest QCL to date. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Monolithic integration of a short‐length GaInAs photoconductor with a GaAs/GaAlAs optical waveguide on a GaAs semi‐insulating substrate
F. Mallecot; J. F. Vinchant; M. Razeghi; D. Vandermoere; J. P. Vilcot; D. Decoster
Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2522–2524 (1988)-- December 19, 1988 ...[Visit Journal]
We report the first fabrication of a GaO. 47 Inn. 53 As planar photoconductive detector, associated with a GaAs/GaAIAs rib waveguide grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, which needs a short-length absorbing layer to detect the optical signal. Because of the GaAIAs epilayer, a GalnAs length of about 100 tl1n only is needed to detect 90% of the opticai signal, accordingly to results predicted using a four-layer model with complex refractive indices in each layer. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of high quality AlN and GaN thin films on sapphire and silicon substrates
P. Kung, X. Zhang, E. Bigan, and M. Razeghi
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Materials, Physics and Devices, SPIE Conference, San Jose, CA; Proceedings, Vol. 2397-- February 6, 1995 ...[Visit Journal]
High quality AlN and GaN epilayers have been grown on basal plane sapphire by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The X-ray rocking curve linewidth of the AlN and GaN films were about 100 and 30 arcsecs respectively. Sharp absorption edges were determined at 6.1 and 3.4 eV respectively. Successful donor-bound excitonic luminescence emissions were detected for GaN films grown on sapphire and silicon. Two additional lines at 3.37 and 3.31 eV were observed on GaN on sapphire and assumed to be impurity-related. Doping of GaN layers was achieved with magnesium. Mg-related photoluminescence emissions were successfully detected on as-grown samples, without any post-growth treatment. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Negative luminescence of InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes
F. Fuchs, D. Hoffman, A. Gin, A. Hood, Y. Wei, and M. Razeghi
Phys. Stat. Sol. C 3 (3)-- February 22, 2006 ...[Visit Journal]
The emission behaviour of InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes has been studied in the spectral range between 8 µm and 13 μm. With a radiometric calibration of the experimental set-up the internal quantum efficiency has been determined in the temperature range between 80 K and 300 K for both, the negative and positive luminescence. The quantitative analysis of the internal quantum efficiency of the non-equilibrium radiation enables the determination of the Auger coefficient. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Investigations of p-type signal for ZnO thin films grown on (100) GaAs substrates by pulsed laser deposition
D.J. Rogers, F. Hosseini Teherani, T. Monteiro, M. Soares, A. Neves, M. Carmo, S. Periera, M.R. Correia, A. Lusson, E. Alves, N.P. Barradas, J.K. Morrod, K.A. Prior, P. Kung, A. Yasan, and M. Razeghi
Phys. Stat. Sol. C, 3 (4)-- March 1, 2006 ...[Visit Journal]
n this work we investigated ZnO films grown on semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Samples were studied using techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature dependent photoluminescence, C-V profiling and temperature dependent Hall measurements. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-performance bias-selectable dual-band mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetectors and focal plane arrays based on InAs/GaSb Type-II superlattices
M. Razeghi; A. Haddadi; A.M. Hoang; G. Chen; S. Ramezani-Darvish; P. Bijjam
Proc. SPIE 8704, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIX, 87040S (June 11, 2013)-- June 11, 2013 ...[Visit Journal]
We report a bias selectable dual-band mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) co-located detector with 3 μm active region thickness per channel that is highly selective and can perform under high operating temperatures for the MWIR band. Under back-side illumination, a temperature evolution study of the MWIR detector's electro-optical performance found the 300 K background-limit with 2π field-of-view to be achieved below operating temperatures of 160 K, at which the temperature's 50% cutoff wavelength was 5.2 μm. The measured current reached the system limit of 0.1 pA at 110 K for 30 μm pixel-sized diodes. At 77 K, where the LWIR channel operated with a 50% cutoff wavelength at 11.2 μm, an LWIR selectivity of ∼17% was achieved in the MWIR wave band between 3 and 4.7 μm, making the detector highly selective. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-brightness LWIR quantum cascade lasers
F. Wang, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi
F. Wang, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, High-brightness LWIR quantum cascade lasers, Optics Letters, vol. 46, No. 20, 5193 ...[Visit Journal]
Long-wave infrared (LWIR, lambda~8-12 um) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are drawing increasing interest, as they provide the possibility of long-distance transmission of light through the atmosphere owing to the reduced water absorption. However, their development has been lagging behind the shorter wavelength QCLs due to much bigger technological challenges. In this Letter, through band structure engineering based on a highly localized diagonal laser transition strategy and out-coupler design using an electrically isolated taper structure, we demonstrate high beam quality single-mode LWIR QCLs with high-brightness (2.0 MW cm-2 sr-1 for lambda~10 um, 2.2 MW cm-2 sr-1 for lambda~9 um, 5.0 MW cm-2 sr-1 for lambda~8 um) light extraction from a single facet in continuous-wave operation at 15 oC. These results mark an important milestone in exploring the lighting capability of inter-sub-band semiconductor lasers in the LWIR spectral range. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Type-II Superlattices and Quantum Cascade Lasers for MWIR and LWIR Free-Space Communications
A. Hood, A. Evans and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, January 20-25, 2008, San Jose, CA Proceedings – Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices V, Vol. 6900, p. 690005-1-9.-- February 1, 2008 ...[Visit Journal]
Free-space optical communications has recently been touted as a solution to the "last mile" bottleneck of high-speed data networks providing highly secure, short to long range, and high-bandwidth connections. However, commercial near infrared systems experience atmospheric scattering losses and scintillation effects which can adversely affect a link's operating budget. By moving the operating wavelength into the mid- or long-wavelength infrared enhanced link uptimes and increased operating range can be achieved due to less susceptibility to atmospheric affects. The combination of room-temperature, continuous-wave, high-power quantum cascade lasers and high operating temperature type-II superlattice photodetectors offers the benefits of mid- and long-wavelength infrared systems as well as practical operating conditions for next generation free-space communications systems. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  III-Nitride avalanche photodiodes
R. McClintock, J.L. Pau, C. Bayram, B. Fain, P. Giedratis, M. Razeghi and M. Ulmer
SPIE Proceedings, San Jose, CA Volume 7222-0U-- January 26, 2009 ...[Visit Journal]
Research into avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is motivated by the need for high sensitivity ultraviolet (UV) detectors in numerous civilian and military applications. By designing photodetectors to utilize low-noise impact ionization based gain, GaN APDs operating in Geiger mode can deliver gains exceeding 1×107. Thus with careful design, it becomes possible to count photons at the single photon level. In this paper we review the current state of the art in III-Nitride visible-blind APDs, and present our latest results regarding linear and Geiger mode III-Nitride based APDs. This includes novel device designs such as separate absorption and multiplication APDs (SAM-APDs). We also discuss control of the material quality and the critical issue of p-type doping - demonstrating a novel delta-doping technique for improved material quality and enhanced electric field confinement. The spectral response and Geiger-mode photon counting performance of these devices are then analyzed under low photon fluxes, with single photon detection capabilities being demonstrated. Other major technical issues associated with the realization of high-quality visible-blind Geiger mode APDs are also discussed in detail and future prospects for improving upon the performance of these devices are outlined. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-quality visible-blind AlGaN p-i-n photodiodes
E. Monroy, M. Hamilton, D. Walker, P. Kung, F.J. Sanchez, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 74 (8)-- February 22, 1999 ...[Visit Journal]
We report the fabrication and characterization of AlxGa1−xN p-i-n photodiodes (0 < x < 0.15) grown on sapphire by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The devices present a visible rejection of six orders of magnitude with a cutoff wavelength that shifts from 365 to 338 nm. Photocurrent decays are exponential for high load resistances, with a time constant that corresponds to the RC product of the system. For low load resistances, the transient response becomes non-exponential, with a decay time longer than the RC constant. This behavior is justified by the strong frequency dependence of the device capacitance. By an admittance analysis, we conclude that speed is not limited by deep levels, but by substitutional Mg capture and emission time. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Growth of Deep UV Light Emitting Diodes by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
A. Yasan, R. McClintock, K. Mayes, D. Shiell, S. Darvish, P. Kung and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, Jose, CA, Vol. 5359, pp. 400-- January 25, 2004 ...[Visit Journal]
We demonstrate high power AlGaN based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) with an emission wavelength of 280 nm using an asymmetric single quantum well active layer configuration on top of a high-quality AlGaN/AlN template layer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). An output power of 1.8 mW at a pulsed current of 400 mA was achieved for a single 300 µm × 300 µm diode. This device reached a high peak external quantum efficiency of 0.24% at 40 mA. An array of four diodes produced 6.5 mW at 880 mA of pulsed current. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Room temperature operation of Ge/SixGe1−x−ySny terahertz quantum cascade lasers predicted using extended combined resonant tunneling and rate equation model
Zhou Li,, Zhichao Chen, Baiqi Zhang, Qiyun Lai, Zhanfeng Jiang, Yaoyao Liang Yulong Fan, Haoxiang Li, Qi Qin, Manijeh Razeghi∗, and Feihu Wang∗
J Appl Phys 138 (23) (2025) ...[Visit Journal]
Raising operation temperature of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) to room temperature remains a key challenge in QCL community. Group-IV semiconductors are believed to be a promising solution to this problem since the polar phonon–electron scattering is negligible at elevated temperature. Here, we develop a theoretical model for THz QCL development. This model is established on the combined resonant tunneling and rate equation framework and is extended to be applicable for group-IV QCL design through introducing new scattering mechanisms and continuum states carrier leakage. A two-well THz QCL based on a direct phonon extraction strategy is designed and predicted to be capable of working above 300 K. This result lays the foundation for future room temperature THz QCL devices development using group-IV semiconductors. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Thermal Conductivity of InAs/GaSb Type II Superlattice
C. Zhou, B.M. Nguyen, M. Razeghi and M. Grayson
Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 41, No. 9, p. 2322-2325-- August 1, 2012 ...[Visit Journal]
The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a type II InAs/GaSb superlattice(T2SL) is measured from 13 K to 300 K using the 3x method. Thermal conductivity is reduced by up to two orders of magnitude relative to the GaSb bulk substrate. The low thermal conductivity of around 1 W/m K to 8 W/m K may serve as an advantage for thermoelectric applications at low temperatures, while presenting a challenge for T2SL interband cascade lasers and highpower photodiodes. We describe a power-law approximation to model nonlinearities in the thermal conductivity, resulting in increased or decreased peak temperature for negative or positive exponents, respectively. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High quality AlN and GaN epilayers grown on (00*1) sapphire, (100) and (111) silicon substrates
P. Kung, A. Saxler, X. Zhang, D. Walker, T.C. Wang, I. Ferguson, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 66 (22)-- May 29, 1995 ...[Visit Journal]
The growth of high quality AlN and GaN thin films on basal plane sapphire, (100), and (111) silicon substrates is reported using low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray rocking curve linewidths of about 100 and 30 arcsec were obtained for AlN and GaN on sapphire, respectively. Room‐temperature optical transmission and photoluminescence (of GaN) measurements confirmed the high quality of the films. The luminescence at 300 and 77 K of the GaN films grown on basal plane sapphire, (100), and (111) silicon was compared. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Tl incorporation in InSb and lattice contraction of In1-xTlxSb
J.J. Lee and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 76 (3)-- January 17, 2000 ...[Visit Journal]
Ternary In1−xTlxSb thin films are grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in the high In composition region. Infrared photoresponse spectra of the In1−xTlxSb epilayers show a clear shift toward a longer wavelength compared to that of InSb. Tl incorporation is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy. In contrast to the theoretical expectation, high resolution x-ray diffraction study reveals that the lattice of the In1−xTlxSb epilayers is contracted by the incorporation of Tl. As more Tl is incorporated, the lattice contraction is observed to increase gradually in the experimental range. A possible origin of this phenomenon is discussed. Our experimental results suggest that the Tl incorporation behavior in In1−xTlxSb differs from that of other group III impurities in III antimonides. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Aluminum nitride films on different orientations of sapphire and silicon
K. Dovidenko, S. Oktyabrsky, J. Narayan, and M. Razeghi
Journal of Applied Physics79 (5)-- March 1, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
The details of epitaxial growth and microstrictural characteristics of AlN films grown on sapphire (0001), (1012) and Si (100), (111) substrates were investigated using plan‐view and cross‐sectional high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction techniques. The films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using TMA1+NH3+N2 gas mixtures. Different degrees of epitaxy were observed for the films grown on α‐Al2O3 and Si substrates in different orientations. The epitaxial relationship for (0001) sapphire was found to be (0001)AlN∥(0001)sap with in‐plane orientation relationship of [0110]AlN∥[1210]sap. This is equivalent to a 30° rotation in the basal (0001) plane. For (1012) sapphire substrates, the epitaxial relationship was determined to be (1120)AlN∥(1012)sap with the in‐plane alignment of [0001]AlN∥[1011]sap. The AlN films on (0001) α‐Al2O3 were found to contain inverted domain boundaries and a/3〈1120〉 threading dislocations with the estimated density of 1010 cm−2. The density of planar defects (stacking faults) found in AlN films was considerably higher in the case of (1012) compared to (0001) substrates. Films on Si substrates were found to be highly textured c axis oriented when grown on (111) Si, and c axis textured with random in‐plane orientation on (100) Si. The role of thin‐film defects and interfaces on device fabrication is discussed. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Comparison of the Physical Properties of GaN Thin Films Deposited on (0112) and (0001) Sapphire Substrates
C.J. Sun and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 63 (7)-- August 16, 1993 ...[Visit Journal]
A direct comparison of the physical properties of GaN thin films is made as a function of the choice of substrate orientations. Gallium nitride single crystals were grown on (0001) and (0112) sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Better crystallinity with fine ridgelike facets is obtained on the (0112) sapphire. Also lower carrier concentration and higher mobilities indicate both lower nitrogen vacancies and less oxygen incorporation on the (0112) sapphire. The results of this study show better physical properties of GaN thin films achieved on (0112) sapphire. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Continuous operation of a monolithic semiconductor terahertz source at room temperature
Q. Y. Lu, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, Y. Bai, and M. Razeghi
Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 221105 (2014)-- June 3, 2014 ...[Visit Journal]
We demonstrate room temperature continuous wave THz sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation from mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. Buried ridge, buried composite distributed-feedback waveguide with Čerenkov phase-matching scheme is used to reduce the waveguide loss and enhance the heat dissipation for continuous wave operation. Continuous emission at 3.6 THz with a side-mode suppression ratio of 20 dB and output power up to 3 μW are achieved, respectively. THz peak power is further scaled up to 1.4 mW in pulsed mode by increasing the mid-infrared power through increasing the active region doping and device area. [reprint (PDF)]
 

Page 11 of 31:  Prev << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  >> Next  (769 Items)